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1.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406883

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is mainly caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani and Leishmania (L.) infantum; however, other Leishmania species have been associated with VL. We report a case of a patient simultaneously diagnosed with VL caused by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Hodgkin's lymphoma. After treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and chemotherapy, the patient presented a clinical cure. This case report reinforces the hypothesis that other Leishmania species can cause visceral lesions mainly related to immunosuppression.

2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190380, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057262

ABSTRACT

Abstract Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of a gold standard diagnostic tool. The diagnosis is significantly harder in regions where visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is also prevalent since immunological tests may present cross-reactivity. A cirrhotic patient from an endemic Brazilian region for TL and VL presented with atypical cutaneous lesions, a usual clinico-laboratory feature of VL (including a positive rk39 test result), but he was diagnosed with TL histopathologically; VL was ruled out by necropsy. Physicians working in co-prevalent areas should be aware of atypical features, unusual clinical course, and unexpected laboratory findings of leishmaniasis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/complications , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Diagnosis, Differential , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20180353, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057248

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Dengue is an important mosquito-borne disease in tropical and subtropical regions. Adhesion molecules have not been systematically characterized in the renal tissue of patients with severe dengue (SD). The objective of this study was to detect viral antigens in samples from patients that evolved with SD, correlating with the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, VE-cadherin, and E-selectin to contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of SD. METHODS: Kidney specimens from patients with SD were selected according to clinical and laboratorial data and submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. A semiquantitative evaluation was performed considering positive immunostaining in 20 glomeruli. RESULTS: Viral antigens were mainly detected in distal tubules. The intense immunostaining of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was observed. The expression of E-selectin was discrete, and VE-cadherin expression varied from mild to moderate. VCAM-1 was slightly intense in the glomerular capsule; the expression of ICAM-1 was diffuse. E-selectin was diffuse, and VE-cadherin varied from mild to moderate. The most frequent histological findings were glomerular congestion, mild glomerulitis, acute renal injury, and glomerular atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: The results appear to demonstrate an imbalance between vascular endothelial permeability regulating events in renal lesions in SD. The increase in the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 is an in-situ indicator of higher permeability with a consequent influx of cells favoring the inflammation of the endothelium. These molecules are important in the pathophysiology of the disease and provide the possibility of developing new markers for the evaluation, clinical follow-up, and therapeutic response of patients with SD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/physiology , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/physiology , E-Selectin/physiology , Severe Dengue/physiopathology , Severe Dengue/blood , Endothelium/physiopathology , Immunohistochemistry , Biomarkers/blood , Antigens, CD/physiology , Antigens, CD/blood , Cadherins/physiology , Cadherins/blood , Up-Regulation , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood , Disease Progression , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood , E-Selectin/blood , Middle Aged , Antigens, Viral/blood
4.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842783

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic condition that is frequent in patients living in tropical areas exposed to leishmaniasis. RA therapy involves immunosuppressant drugs such as methotrexate (MTX), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and prednisone. We report an unusual presentation of cutaneous (CL) or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) in RA patients from an endemic area of leishmaniasis. A 51-year-old woman noted a cutaneous ulcer on her left ankle during MTX and prednisone RA therapy. Initially diagnosed as a venous stasis ulcer, the aspirate of the injury revealed the presence of Leishmania DNA. A 73-year-old woman presenting non-ulcerated, infiltrated and painful erythematous nodules inside her nostrils while receiving MTX, anti-TNF mAb, and prednisone for RA, had also the aspirate of injuries showing the presence of Leishmania DNA. Both patients healed after the therapy with liposomal amphotericin. The RA therapy has changed to low-dose prednisone, without further reactivation episodes. Both cases suggest that CL or ML can reactivate after administration of an immunosuppressant for RA treatment. Therefore, immunosuppressive treatments for RA should be carefully prescribed in patients from endemic areas or with a history of CL and ML.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/etiology , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/immunology , Leishmania/genetics , Recurrence
5.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 6(4): 286-289, oct.-dec. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670620

ABSTRACT

The parieto-occipital region of the brain is the most frequently and severely affected in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The basal ganglia, cerebellum and corpus callosum are less commonly involved. We describe apatient with SSPE confirmed by neuropathology based on brain magnetic resonance imaging showing extensive basal ganglia involvement and no significant involvement of other cortical structures. Though rarely described in SSPE, clinicians should be aware of this involvement. SSPE should be kept in mind when changes in basal ganglia signal are seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging with or without involvement of other regions of the human brain to avoid erroneous etiological diagnosis of other pathologies causing rapidly progressive dementia.


A região parietooccipital é mais frequente e gravemente acometida na panencefalite esclerosante subaguda(PEESA). Os gânglios da base, cerebelo e corpo caloso são menos envolvidos. Descrevemos um paciente com PEESA confirmada por neuropatologia com imagens de ressonância magnética (RNM) evidenciando acometimento extenso dosgânglios da base sem envolvimento de outras estruturas corticais. Embora raramente descritas nesta doença, deve-se ficar atento para tal acometimento e PEESA deve ser lembrada quando alterações de sinal nos gânglios da base são vistas naRNM com ou sem acometimento de outras regiões do cérebro a fim de evitar outros diagnósticos etiológicos errôneos de patologias que cursam com demência rapidamente progressiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Measles
6.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 54(3): 159-164, May-June 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-625277

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in skin biopsies of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 12 patients with ATL caused by Leishmania braziliensis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of TLR2 and TLR4. The number of NK cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in the tissue were calculated. The cytokine expression was determined using the anti-TNF-α, anti-IFN-Γ, anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-6. Double immunostaining reactions were used to determine the cell expressing TLR2 and TLR4. RESULTS: The numbers of cells expressing TLR2 and TLR4 were 145.48 ± 82.46 cell/mm² and 3.26 ± 4.11 cell/mm² respectively (p < 0.05). There was no correlation of TLR2 and TLR4 with the amount of cytokines and the number of NK cells, dendritic cells or macrophages. The double immunostaining revealed that TLR2 was expressed by macrophages. CONCLUSION: In human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis, TLR2 is the most common TLR expressed during active disease, mainly by macrophages although without correlation with the amount of cytokines and number of cells.


OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o padrão de expressão dos receptores toll-like 2 e 4 (TLR2 e TLR4) em biópsias de pele de pacientes com leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA). MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo avaliou 12 pacientes com LTA causada por Leishmania braziliensis confirmada por reação em cadeia da polimerase. Imunohistoquímica foi realizada para determinar a expressão de TLR2 e TLR4. O número de células NK, células dendríticas e macrófagos foi calculado no tecido. A expressão de citocinas foi determinada usando anti-TNF-α, anti-IFN-Γ, anti-IL-1 e anti-IL-6. Dupla marcação foi usada para determinar a célula responsável pela expressão de TLR2 e TLR4. RESULTADOS: O número de células expressando TLR2 e TLR4 foi 145.48±82.46 cell/mm² e 3.26 ± 4.11 cell/mm² respectivamente (p < 0.05). Não houve correlação entre a quantidade de expressão de TLR2 e TLR4 com a quantidade de citocinas e o número de células NK, macrófagos e células dendríticas. A dupla marcação revelou que o TLR2 é expresso por macrófagos. CONCLUSÃO: Na LTA causada por Leishmania braziliensis, TLR2 é o TLR mais comum na doença ativa, principalmente por macrófagos sem correlação com a quantidade de citocinas e outras células.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cytokines/analysis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/metabolism , /metabolism , /metabolism , Cell Count , Dendritic Cells/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Interferon Type I/analysis , Interferon Type I/immunology , Interleukin-1/analysis , Interleukin-1/immunology , /analysis , /immunology , Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Macrophages/metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prospective Studies , /immunology , /immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
7.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 15(6): 601-606, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-610535

ABSTRACT

Sarcoidosis has been rarely described in literature as a cause of interstitial pulmonary disease associated with AIDS. This study reports a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis in a patient with a history of previous pulmonary tuberculosis concomitant with HIV infection. Results of the immunohistochemical study of samples from the resected right lower lobe are described. Pathological findings suggest a role of Th1, Th2 and Th17 response in IRIS associated sarcoidosis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/pathology , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/pathology , Immunohistochemistry
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(4): 393-395, jul.-ago. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-556003

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 13 patients with VL in comparison with nine controls. The immune response was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, for CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. Histological findings from the villi, crypts and inflammatory process were analyzed. RESULTS: All the cases of VL presented Leishmania antigens. No antigen was detected in the control group. The villus size was greater in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CD68 (macrophages) and CD4 levels were higher in the VL patients (p < 0.05). No differences in the expression of CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 or IL-4 were demonstrated. The number of cells expressing IFN-γ was lower in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of cytokines were found in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with VL. This pattern was not found in other organs affected by the disease. Immunotolerance of this tissue against Leishmania could explain these findings, as occurs with intestinal bacteria.


INTRODUÇÃO: Leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença tropical negligenciada com uma resposta imune complexa em diferentes órgãos. Este padrão de resposta imune órgão-específica nunca foi avaliada no trato gastrointestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a resposta imune in situ em biópsias duodenais de pacientes com LV. MÉTODOS: Um estudo de caso controle com 13 pacientes com LV foi comparado com 9 controles. A resposta imune foi avaliada por imunohistoquímica para CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α e IL-10. Achados histológicos nos vilos, criptas e processo inflamatório foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Todos os casos de LV apresentaram antígenos de Leishmania. Nenhum antígeno foi encontrado no grupo controle. O tamanho do vilo foi maior em pacientes com LV (p < 0,05). CD68 (macrófagos) e CD4 estavam aumentados em pacientes com LV (p < 0,05). Nenhuma diferença foi demonstrada na expressão de CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 e IL-4. O número de células expressando IFN-γ foi mais baixo que no grupo controle (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Baixos níveis de citocinas foram encontrados no trato gastrointestinal de pacientes com LV. Este padrão não foi encontrado em outros órgãos acometidos pela doença. Uma imunotolerância do tecido contra Leishmania poderia explicar estes achados, como ocorre com as bactérias entéricas.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Cytokines/analysis , Duodenum/immunology , Intestinal Mucosa/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology , Macrophages/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Cytokines/immunology , Duodenum/parasitology , Immunohistochemistry , Intestinal Mucosa/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/pathology
9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(3): 211-218, mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545160

ABSTRACT

A raiva é uma zoonose viral que acomete o sistema nervoso central (SNC) de mamíferos, considerada um grave problema de saúde pública. Herbívoros (bovinos e equinos) são frequentemente acometidos pela in-fecção após serem atacados por morcegos hematófagos (Desmodus rotundus). A técnica de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) realizada em tecidos frescos, recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), é utilizada para o diagnóstico da raiva. A técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) é utilizada para detectar antígenos em tecidos fixados, pelo uso de anticorpos monoclonais/policlonais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade da IHQ na detecção de antígenos do vírus da raiva em amostras de SNC de herbívoros fixadas em formol, analisando a distribuição antigênica em diferentes fragmentos do SNC. Os resultados demonstraram concordância das técnicas de IFD e IHQ. A IHQ mostrou maior sensibilidade em amostras de bovinos em relação às de equinos, especialmente quando realizada em fragmentos de cerebelo e tronco encefálico. A detecção de antígeno nestes fragmentos foi mais consistente para ambas as técnicas, nas duas espécies. Estes resultados demonstram que a IHQ pode ser empregada para a vigilância epidemiológica da raiva, entretanto, recomenda-se cautela ao se empregar a IHQ para diagnóstico de doença em herbívoros, especialmente quando o fragmento encaminhado ao laboratório for apenas o hipocampo.


Rabies is a viral zoonosis that causes disease in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals and it is considered a serious problem of public health. Herbivorous (bovines and equines) are often infected after being attacked by vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). The direct fluorescent antibody technique is used as a diagnostic test to detect viral antigens in fresh tissues and is recommended by the World Health Organization. The immunohistochemistry technique (IHC) is used to detect the viral antigen through the use of monoclonal/policlonal antibodies in formalin-fixed tissues. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of the IHC in samples of CNS of herbivorous fixed in formol, analyzing the antigenic distribution in different fragments of the CNS. The results demonstrated good agreement between the two techniques for the rabies diagnosis. The IHC presented higher sensitivity in samples of cattle comparing to horse samples, especially in fragments of cerebellum and brain stem. These fragments demonstrated to be more suitable for antigen detection by both techniques in the two species. These data demonstrate that the IHC is suitable for rabies vigilance yet cautions should be taken in examining cattle and horses samples, when the submitted specimen is only the hippocampus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Immunohistochemistry , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/veterinary , Central Nervous System/pathology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary , Rabies virus/pathogenicity , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/veterinary , Encephalitis, Viral/transmission , Encephalitis, Viral/veterinary , Horses
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 42(4): 363-368, July-Aug. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-527173

ABSTRACT

Twenty-four hepatitis C virus patients coinfected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 were compared with six coinfected with HTLV-2 and 55 with HCV alone, regarding clinical, epidemiological, laboratory and histopathological data. Fischer's discriminant analysis was applied to define functions capable of differentiating between the study groups (HCV, HCV/HTLV-1 and HCV/HTLV-2). The discriminant accuracy was evaluated by cross-validation. Alcohol consumption, use of intravenous drugs or inhaled cocaine and sexual partnership with intravenous drug users were more frequent in the HCV/HTLV-2 group, whereas patients in the HCV group more often reported abdominal pain or a sexual partner with hepatitis. Coinfected patients presented higher platelet counts, but aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were higher among HCV-infected subjects. No significant difference between the groups was seen regarding liver histopathological findings. Through discriminant analysis, classification functions were defined, including sex, age group, intravenous drug use and sexual partner with hepatitis. Cross-validation revealed high discriminant accuracy for the HCV group.


Compararam-se 24 pacientes coinfectados pelos vírus da hepatite C/vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas do tipo 1 com 6 coinfectados por VHC/HTLV-2 e 55 infectados pelo VHC, no tocante a dados clínico-epidemiológicos, laboratoriais e histopatológicos. A análise discriminante de Fischer foi utilizada para definir funções capazes de diferenciar os grupos de estudo (VHC, VHC/HTLV-1 e VHC/HTLV-2). A acurácia discriminatória foi avaliada pelo por validação cruzada. O uso de álcool, drogas endovenosas, cocaína inalatória e a parceria sexual com UDEV foram mais freqüentes no grupo VHC/HTLV-2, enquanto queixa de dor abdominal e parceiro sexual com hepatite predominaram no grupo VHC. Os coinfectados apresentaram número maior de plaquetas, enquanto as aminotransferases e a gamaglutamiltranspeptidase foram mais altas no grupo VHC. Não houve diferença entre os grupos à análise histopatológica do fígado. Por análise discriminante definiram-se funções classificatórias, incluindo as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, uso de drogas endovenosas e parceiro sexual com hepatite, com acurácia discriminante alta para o grupo VHC.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HTLV-I Infections/complications , HTLV-II Infections/complications , Hepatitis C/complications , Biopsy , Cross-Sectional Studies , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-I Infections/pathology , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/pathology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/pathology , Liver/pathology , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Young Adult
11.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 49(6): 371-378, Nov.-Dec. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470520

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C is still a matter of debate. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes (TL) are typically observed within the portal and periportal spaces of affected livers, but their functional role in hepatitis C progression has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: CD4+ and CD8+ TL were quantified by immunohistochemistry in portal and periportal spaces of 39 liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis C. They were associated to demographic data, histological parameters, laboratory findings of patients and hepatitis C genotypes. RESULTS: There was high numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ TL from which the density of CD4+ T was higher than CD8+ TL in portal and periportal spaces. CD4+ and CD8+ TL were directly correlated to intensity of interface hepatitis. CD8+ TL correlated to serum enzyme levels. CONCLUSION: The high numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ TL in portal and periportal spaces and their correlation to interface hepatitis suggest that hepatitis C evolution depends on the action of intrahepatic T lymphocytes, lending support to the notion of an immune-mediated mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C.


INTRODUÇÃO: A patogênese da hepatite C crônica ainda está em discussão. Sabe-se que linfócitos T (LT) CD4+ e CD8+ são tipicamente observados no espaço portal e peri-portal de pacientes com hepatite C crônica, mas o conhecimento exato de suas ações no fígado, bem como sua influência na progressão da doença hepática ainda estão em discussão. MÉTODOS: Os LT CD4+ e T CD8+ foram quantificados por imunohistoquímica nos espaços porta e peri-portais em 39 biópsias hepáticas de pacientes cronicamente infectados pelo vírus da hepatite C. Esses dados foram associados com os dados demográficos, as alterações histológicas, os achados laboratoriais dos pacientes com hepatite C e com os genótipos do vírus da hepatite C. RESULTADOS: Houve grande quantidade tanto de LT CD4+ como de CD8+, sendo que houve maior densidade de LTCD4+ do que CD8+ nos espaços portal e peri-portal. Tanto o número de linfócitos T CD4+ como de CD8+ foram diretamente relacionados com a intensidade da hepatite de interface. Os linfócitos T CD8+ foram estatisticamente relacionados às enzimas hepáticas. CONCLUSÃO: O encontro de numerosos linfócitos T CD4+ e linfócitos T CD8+ no espaço-portal e peri-portal e sua correlação com a hepatite de interface sugerem que a evolução da hepatite C dependa da ação dos linfócitos T intra-hepáticos, ou seja, há um mecanismo imuno-mediado na patogênese da hepatite C crônica.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology , Liver/virology , Disease Progression , Genotype , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Liver/blood supply , Liver/pathology , Severity of Illness Index
12.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 42(1): 1-4, fev. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-431918

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Trabalhos experimentais demonstram que as defesas do hospedeiro frente ao Pneumocystis carinii incluem interações complexas entre as células imunes, principalmente linfócitos TCD4+ e macrófagos alveolares. Sendo esse um agente importante associado às imunodeficiências, nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a resposta inflamatória em pulmão de necrópsias de pacientes com AIDS. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas 25 necrópsias com diagnóstico de pneumonia por Pneumocystis carinii para pesquisa imuno-histoquímica de linfócitos TCD4+, TCD8+, macrófagos CD68+, células NK CD57+ e células com expressão de TNF-alfa. As células imunomarcadas foram quantificadas e analisadas estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Todos os espécimes evidenciaram elevado parasitismo na luz dos alvéolos. Observou-se espessamento septal com infiltrado inflamatório constituído predominantemente por linfócitos e macrófagos. Houve diminuição no número de linfócitos TCD4+ e aumento de linfócitos TCD8+, macrófagos e células NK. No septo alveolar freqüentemente observaram-se células expressando TNF-alfa. CONCLUSÕES: A imunossupressão relacionada à AIDS induz a diminuição de linfócitos TCD4+ e favorece a permanência de elevado parasitismo. Os componentes celulares que caracterizam o infiltrado inflamatório contribuem para os danos irreversíveis no pulmão desses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Immunohistochemistry , Cell Wall/immunology , Pneumocystis/immunology , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/immunology , Lung/pathology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(1): 61-63, jan.-fev. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420217

ABSTRACT

O presente caso ilustra uma forma de eritema nodoso, cujo agente foi o Trypanosoma cruzi em paciente chagásica submetida a transplante cardíaco. O diagnóstico foi firmado através do exame histopatológico de biópsia da lesão cutânea e estudo imunohistoquímico. O tratamento com nifurtimox promoveu regressão total das lesões.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/surgery , Erythema Nodosum/parasitology , Heart Transplantation , Nifurtimox/therapeutic use , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Erythema Nodosum/drug therapy , Immunocompromised Host , Recurrence , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification
14.
In. Veronesi, Ricardo; Focaccia, Roberto. Tratado de infectologia: v.2. Säo Paulo, Atheneu, 2 ed; 2002. p.1150-1165, ilus, tab. (BR).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-317743
15.
In. Veronesi, Ricardo; Focaccia, Roberto. Tratado de infectologia: v.2. Säo Paulo, Atheneu, 2 ed; 2002. p.1254-1279, ilus, tab. (BR).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-317752
16.
In. Focaccia, Roberto. Tratado de hepatites virais. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2002. p.663-669, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-334870
17.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 43(2): 75-78, Mar.-Apr. 2001. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-298579

ABSTRACT

The involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in the co-infection of HIV and Leishmania is rarely reported. We report the case of an HIV-infected adult man co-infected with a disseminated form of leishmaniasis involving the liver, lymph nodes, spleen and, as a feature reported for the first time in the English literature, the pancreas. Light microscopy showed amastigote forms of Leishmania in pancreatic macrophages and immunohistochemical staining revealed antigens for Leishmania and also for HIV p24. Microscopic and ultrastructural analysis revealed severe acinar atrophy, decreased zymogen granules in the acinar cytoplasm and also nuclear abnormalities such as pyknosis, hyperchromatism and thickened chromatin. These findings might correspond to the histologic pattern of protein-energy malnutrition in the pancreas as shown in our previous study in pancreas with AIDS and no Leishmania. In this particular case, the protein-energy malnutrition may be due to cirrhosis, or, Leishmania or HIV infection or all mixed. We believe that this case represents the morphologic substratum of the protein energy malnutrition in pancreas induced by the HIV infection. Further studies are needed to elucidate these issues


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , HIV Infections/complications , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications , Pancreas/ultrastructure , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/etiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , HIV Infections/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/pathology
18.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 41(5): 305-11, Sept.-Oct. 1999. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-250204

ABSTRACT

The congenital transmission of ChagasÆ disease was evaluated in 57 pregnant women with ChagasÆ disease and their 58 offspring. The patients were selected from three Health Institutions in São Paulo City. The maternal clinical forms of ChagasÆ disease were: indeterminate (47.4 percent), cardiac (43.8 percent) and digestive (8.8 percent); 55 were born in endemic areas and two in São Paulo City. The transmission of Chagas disease at fetal level was confirmed in three (5.17 percent) of the 58 cases studied and one probably case of congenital ChagasÆ disease. Two infected infants were born to chagasic women with HIV infection and were diagnosed by parasitolological assays (microhematocrit, quantitative buffy coat-QBC or artificial xenodiagnosis). In both cases the placenta revealed T. cruzi and HIV p24 antigens detected by immunohistochemistry. In one case, a 14-week old abortus, the diagnosis of congenital T. cruzi infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The other probable infection, a 30-week old stillborn, the parasites were found in the placenta and umbilical cord. The Western blot method using trypomastigote excreted/secreted antigens of T. cruzi (TESA) was positive for IgG antibodies in 54/55 newborns and for IgM in 1/55 newborns. One of the two newborns with circulating parasites had no detectable IgG or IgM antibodies. The assessment of IgG antibodies in the sera of pregnant women and their newborns was performed by ELISA using two different T. cruzi antigens: an alkaline extract of epimastigotes (EAE) and trypomastigote excreted/secreted antigens (TESA). The analysis showed a linear correlation between maternal and newborn IgG antibody titers at birth


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic , Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis , Brazil/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Health Surveys , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Incidence , Pregnancy, High-Risk
19.
Folha méd ; 117(supl.1): 17-25, out.-dez. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-230429

ABSTRACT

Grande parte dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV apresentam alteraçoes hepáticas no curso da infecçao. Os amis freqüentes agentes que agridem o fígado nesse grupo de pacientes sao drogas hepatotóxicas, hepatites pelo vírus B e C e condiçoes oportunistas. Estudos histológicos identificam um quadro hepático de fígado reacional, com alteraçoes inespecíficas, em múmero considerável de casos submetidos a biópsia hepática. Nessa revisao discutimos os principais aspectos das alteraçoes hepáticas em pacientes infectados pelo HIV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Liver/pathology , HIV Infections , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Liver Diseases/chemically induced
20.
Folha méd ; 117(3): 193-8, nov.-dez. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-260504

ABSTRACT

O sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) é caracterizado morfologicamente por formações vasculares com predominância de células endoteliais e proliferação de células fusiformes contendo fendas vasculares. O exame histopatológico dos 45 casos de lesões cutâneas de SK deste trabalho, sendo sete do tipo clássico (SKC), três do tipo epidêmico não-associado à infeção pelo HIV (vírus da imunodeficiência humana) (SKE HIV-) e 35 do tipo epidêmico associado à AIDS (Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida) (SKE HIV+) monstrou não haver diferenças morfológicas significativas entre eles. A célula endotelial é considerada um elemento chave na gênese do SK. Por meio da reação de imunohistoquímica, utilizando anticorpo antifator von Willebrand, obteve-se positividade em mais de 85 por cento em todos os tipos clínicos estudados, observada nas células fusiformes endoteliais nas diferentes formas de SK, indicando a origem vascular sangüínea endotelial. Pesquisas descritas em literatura apontam a participação de agentes infecciosos no desenvolvimento do SK. A pesquisa de agentes infecciosos por meio de reações imuno-histoquímicas com os anticorpos antiadenovírus, anticitomegalovírus, anti-Epstein-Barr vírus, antipapilomavírus humano, anti-herpes vírus tipo 1, anti-herpes vírus tipo 2, anti-Bartonella quintana e anti-Bartonella Henselae foram negativas em todos os fragmentos dos 45 doentes estudados. Estes resultados indicam que tais agentes infecciosos não parecem ser diretamente responsáveis pela manutenção do desenvolvimento do SK na amostra estudada. Modelos recentes sugerem a interação do HIV no desenvolvimento do SKE HIV+. Foi testada a presença do HIV nos 45 casos de SK, pela reação de imunoperoxidade, utilizando o anticorpo antivírus da imunodeficiência (p24). A positividade foi evidente na intimidade do tumor, dentro de macrófagos e em células fusiformes em 17,1 por cento (6/35) dos SKE HIV+ e em nenhum SKE HIV- e SKC. Estes achados falam a favor da ligação entre o HIV e as células do SKE HIV+.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology , von Willebrand Factor
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